Introduction

History of creation

Properties of alloplant

Use of alloplant

Histology

What is alloplant?

It is chemically processed biomaterial for transplantation subjected to radiating sterilization. Most immunogen structures of tissue and a part of glycosaminoglycans are extracted, but with reservation of a collagenic and elastic skeleton and amorphous matrix of a transplant. Then it is made laser it is sharp transplants. Standardization and high quality of biomaterials is guaranteed by the complex monitoring system at all stages of a production cycle from preparation of donor tissue till sterilization.

Introduction

Transplantation of various tissues (donor sclera, sinew, fascia) is frequently followed by tearing away, resorption of a transplant, or it's incapsulation and development of a cicatricial tissue.

Researches have shown that transplantation of tissues causes not only immune reaction, but also stimulates regeneration of tissues of the recipient. Unfortunately development of a cicatricial tissue is stimulated basically, but the cases of regeneration of a normal tissue of the recipient takes place also quite frequently, what is so necessary at a number of illnesses.

Therefore scientists of the All-Russia center of eye and plastic surgery led by Ernest Muldashev have aimed to lower allotransplantat's antigenic properties and to achieve stimulation of their replacement by regenerating tissues of the patient.

History

Works on alloplant's creation  have begun in 1970. Since 1974 it has applied in medical industry and into clinical practice of the USSR. Since then it is performed more than one million various surgical operations in world medical practice  with it's use.

New technologies are protected by 10 foreign patents (the USA, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy), more than 50 patents of the Russian Federation, results of scientific researches are submitted in numerous publications in Russia and abroad, a series of monographies is issued.

What properties of materials Alloplant can define his advantages before traditional tissue transplants?

Low antigen features,

Prevention of scarring in a zone of transplantation,

Selective growth of native tissues of the recipient.

By using of various kinds of alloplants it is possible to stimulate regeneration of blood and lymphatic vessels, corneas, scleras, integuments, conjunctivas, nerves, internals, etc. For the last two decades alloplants have been successfully used at treatment of diabetic retinopathy, pigmentary retinite, optic atrophy, uveitis, retinal thromboses, cataracts, traumas, keratitis, myopia, tumours, burns and congenital defects. Represented materials are widely applied in ophthalmology, maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, stomatology, chest surgery, neurosurgery, proctology, orthopedy, traumatology, liver surgery, gynecology, etc.

Due to a various combination of glycosaminoglycans in structure of biomaterials the opportunity of selective regeneration of various kinds of tissues and restoration of complex anatomic structures has appeared.

To what kinds of tissues alloplant can be replaced after transplantation? Researches have shown, that the structure of the new born tissue can have some variants depending on structure of used alloplant® (Fig. 12). On experimental models we managed to track formation of five kinds of them:

  • Friable

  • Dense

  • Epithelial

  • Vascular

  • Corneal

At experimental scleraoplastical operation alloplant caused weak immune reaction and was gradually replaced by the neogenic tissue similar surrounding sclera of the recipient.